By Dr. Johan Wentzel
Published: 30 January 2017
Copyright © All Rights Reserved
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“In the end we will conserve only what we love; we will love only what we understand; and we will understand only what we are taught.” (Baba Dioum, 1968.)
The rehabilitation* of disturbed land, especially in an urban environment, can add so much value to the users of the site. Think Central Park in New York. It need not be on that scale, but it can add the same quality of life.
However, there seems to be a perception that “Nature heals itself” when it comes to land that has been disturbed either through construction, mining or other causes. Instead of “healing itself”, disturbed sites shift towards desertification or are invaded by aliens.
When a site is evaluated for rehabilitation, it is important that all the components of a potential ecosystem, i.e. biotic and abiotic, be considered. In most cases the abiotic components cannot easily be adjusted and that implies that the biotic components be manipulated so that they complement the existing abiotic factors. The right combination of the two lead to a stable, functioning ecosystem.
One can also view rehabilitation from an angle of ecosystem services. The goods and services that an ecosystem provides are often undervalued as many of them are without a tangible market value. However, if they are destroyed, it could have huge anthropogenic and environmental impacts.
Broad categories of ecosystem goods and services include:
- Regulating (climate, floods, nutrient balance, water filtration)
- Provisioning (food, medicine, household items)
- Cultural (science, spiritual, ceremonial, recreation, aesthetic)
- Supporting (nutrient cycling, photosynthesis, soil formation).
In most cases, many of the above components will be present on the same site. However, the main reason why a site is restored should be the most important consideration.
In an urban environment, the main category is mostly recreational and the other categories play a secondary role. However, it is important to ensure that the users should have an outdoor experience where the natural interactions can be experienced.
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Contents
1 Introduction
2 Rehabilitation considerations:
2.1 Site considerations
2.1.1 Relative location
2.1.2 Establish the relationships between components
2.1.3 Recognise functional relationships between elements
2.1.4 Every element is supported by many functions
2.2 Design considerations
2.2.1 Design from patterns to details
2.2.2 Use on-site resources
2.2.3 Value diversity
2.2.4 Stacking
2.2.5 Succession
2.2.6 Edge effect
2.3 Implementation considerations
2.3.1 Implementation plan
2.4 Maintenance considerations
2.4.1 Use and value renewable on-site resources and services
2.4.2 Use biological resources
2.4.3 Imitate nature